Senators Born Outside the United States
The president is constitutionally required to be natural born, but foreign–born senators need only nine years of U.S. citizenship to qualify for office. Constitutional qualifications to be a senator are specified in Article I, section 3.
Key:
* Born to American parents abroad
† Born in territories not yet incorporated into the U.S.
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| Senator | Senate Service | Birth Place |
| David H. Armstrong (MO) | 1877–1879 | Canada |
| David Baird (NJ) | 1918–1919 | Ireland |
| Edward D. Baker (OR) | 1860–1861 | England |
| James B. Beck (KY) | 1877–1890 | Scotland |
| Judah P. Benjamin (LA) | 1853–1861 | St. Croix |
| Rudolph E. Boschwitz (Rudy) (MN) | 1978–1991 | Germany |
| Pierce Butler (SC) | 1789–1796; 1802–1804 | Ireland |
| George W. Campbell (TN) | 1811–1814; 1815–1818 | Scotland |
| Eugene Casserly (CA) | 1869–1873 | Ireland |
| John Conness (CA) | 1863–1869 | Ireland |
| James Couzens (MI) | 1922–1936 | Canada |
| James J. Davis (PA) | 1930–1945 | Wales |
| Charles E. Dudley (NY) | 1829–1833 | England |
| James G. Fair (NV) | 1881–1887 | Ireland |
| Eligius Fromentin (LA) | 1813–1819 | France |
| Albert Gallatin (PA) | not seated | Switzerland |
| Jacob H. Gallinger (NH) | 1891–1918 | Canada |
| Frank R. Gooding (ID) | 1921–1928 | England |
| William Harper (SC) | 1826 | Antigua |
| Samuel I. Hayakawa (CA) | 1977–1983 | Canada |
| Mazie K. Hirono (HI) | 2013–present | Japan |
| William Hughes (NJ) | 1913–1918 | Ireland |
| James Jackson (GA) | 1793–1795; 1801–1806 | England |
| Magnus Johnson (MN) | 1923–1925 | Sweden |
| Charles W. Jones (FL) | 1875–1887 | Ireland |
| John P. Jones (NV) | 1873–1903 | England |
| Thomas Kearns (UT) | 1901–1905 | Canada |
| Octaviano A. Larrazolo (NM) | 1928–1929 | Mexico |
| John Laurance (NY) | 1796–1800 | England |
| William Lorimer (IL) | 1909–1912 | England |
| Walter Lowrie (PA) | 1819–1825 | Scotland |
| Stephen R. Mallory (FL) | 1851–1861 | Trinidad |
| Lee Mantle (MT) | 1895–1899 | England |
| Mel Martinez (FL) | 2005–2009 | Cuba |
| James McMillan (MI) | 1889–1902 | Canada |
| Joseph H. Millard (NE) | 1901–1907 | Canada |
| Robert Morris (PA) | 1789–1795 | England |
| John Moses (ND) | 1945 | Norway |
| James E. Murray (MT) | 1934–1961 | Canada |
| Knute Nelson (MN) | 1895–1923 | Norway |
| Samuel D. Nicholson (CO) | 1921–1923 | Canada |
| Samuel Pasco (FL) | 1887–1899 | England |
| William Paterson (NJ) | 1789–1790 | Ireland |
| Thomas M. Patterson (CO) | 1901–1907 | Ireland |
| Alexander Porter (LA) | 1833–1837 | Ireland |
| Edward V. Robertson (WY) | 1943–1949 | Wales |
| Carl Schurz (MO) | 1869–1875 | Germany |
| William J. Sewell (NJ) | 1881–1887; 1895–1901 | Ireland |
| James Shields (IL, MN, MO) | 1849–1855; 1858–1859; 1879 | Ireland |
| Joseph Simon (OR) | 1898–1903 | Germany |
| Pierre Soulé (LA) | 1847; 1849–1853 | France |
| Isaac Stephenson (WI) | 1907–1915 | Canada |
| Patrick J. Sullivan (WY) | 1929–1930 | Ireland |
| George Sutherland (UT) | 1905–1917 | England |
| Thomas Taggart (IN) | 1916 | Ireland |
| Edward Tiffin (OH) | 1807–1809 | England |
| Robert F. Wagner (NY) | 1927–1949 | Germany |
| Patrick Walsh (GA) | 1894–1895 | Ireland |
| David L. Yulee (FL) | 1845–1851; 1855–1861 | St. Thomas |
| Michael F. Bennet (CO)
| 2009–present | India |
| Charles W. Cathcart (IN)
| 1852–1853 | Madeira |
| Ted Cruz (TX)
| 2013–present | Canada |
| Tammy Duckworth (IL)
| 2017–present | Thailand |
| Felix Hébert (RI)
| 1929–1935 | Canada |
| John S. McCain III (AZ)
| 1987–2018 | Panama Canal Zone |
| James W. Nesmith (OR)
| 1861–1867 | Canada |
| George T. Oliver (PA)
| 1909–1917 | Ireland |
| Chris Van Hollen (MD)
| 2017–present | Pakistan |
| Lowell P. Weicker, Jr. (CT)
| 1971–1989 | France |
| George P. Wetmore (RI)
| 1895–1907; 1908–1913 | England |
| Hiram Bingham (CT)
| 1924–1933 | Kingdom of Hawaii |
| Charles D. J. Bouligny (LA)
| 1824–1829 | Spanish Louisiana |
| Jean N. Destréhan (LA)
| 1812 | French Louisiana |
| Bernie Moreno (OH) | 2025-present | Colombia |
