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Senators Representing Third or Minor Parties
Robert Hayne (SC)
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Robert Y. Hayne (SC)
Party: Nullifier
Years: 1831-1832
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Stephen D. Miller (SC)
Party: Nullifier
Years: 1831-1833
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John C. Calhoun (SC)
Party: Nullifier
Years: 1832-1837
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William C. Preston (SC)
Party: Nullifier
Years: 1833-1837
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John B. Francis (RI)
Party: Law and Order
Years: 1844-1845
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Joseph Cilley (NH)
Party: Liberty
Years: 1846-1847
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John P. Hale (NH)
Party: Independent Democrat
Years: 1847-1849
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John P. Hale (NH)
Party: Free Soil
Years: 1849-1853
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Salmon P. Chase (OH)
Party: Free Soil
Years: 1849-1855
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Charles Sumner (MA)
Party: Free Soil
Years: 1851-1855
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Lawrence Brainerd (VT)
Party: Free Soil
Years: 1854-1855
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Francis Gillette (CT)
Party: Free Soil
Years: 1854-1855
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Henry Wilson (MA)
Party: American
Years: 1855
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Sam Houston (TX)
Party: American
Years: 1855-1859
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John Bell (TN)
Party: American
Years: 1857-1859
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John B. Thompson (KY)
Party: American
Years: 1857-1859
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John J. Crittenden (KY)
Party: American
Years: 1857-1861
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Anthony Kennedy (MD)
Party: American
Years: 1857-1861
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Anthony Kennedy (MD)
Party: Unionist
Years: 1861-1863
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Waitman T. Willey (VA)
Party: Unionist
Years: 1861-1863
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John S. Carlile (VA)
Party: Unionist
Years: 1861-1865
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Garrett Davis (KY)
Party: Unionist
Years: 1861-1865
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John B. Henderson (MO)
Party: Unionist
Years: 1862-1863
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Thomas H. Hicks (MD)
Party: Unionist
1862-1863
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Robert Wilson (MO)
Party: Unionist
Years: 1862-1863
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Joseph A. Wright (IN)
Party: Unionist
Years: 1862-1863
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Lemuel J. Bowden (VA)
Party: Unionist
Years: 1863-1864
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Benjamin Gratz Brown (MO)
Party: Unconditional Unionist
Years: 1863-1865
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John B. Henderson (MO)
Party: Unconditional Unionist
Years: 1863-1865
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Thomas H. Hicks (MD)
Party: Unconditional Unionist
Years: 1863-1865
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Reverdy Johnson (MD)
Party: Unionist
Years: 1863-1865
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Waitman T. Willey (WV)
Party: Unconditional Unionist
Years: 1863-1865
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Peter G. Van Winkle (WV)
Party: Unconditional Unionist
Years: 1863-1867
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John A.J. Creswell (MD)
Party: Unconditional Unionist
Years: 1865-1867
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Joseph S. Fowler (TN)
Party: Unconditional Unionist
Years: 1865-1867
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David T. Patterson (TN)
Party: Unionist
Years: 1865-1867
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Carl Schurz (MO)
Party: Liberal Republican
Years: 1871-1875
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Charles Sumner (MA)
Party: Liberal Republican
Years: 1873-1874
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Reuben E. Fenton (NY)
Party: Liberal Republican
Years: 1873-1875
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Orris S. Ferry (CT)
Party: Liberal Republican
Years: 1873-1875
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Morgan C. Hamilton (TX)
Party: Liberal Republican
Years: 1873-1875
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William Sprague (RI)
Party: Liberal Republican
Years: 1873-1875
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Thomas W. Tipton (NE)
Party: Liberal Republican
Years: 1873-1875
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Newton Booth (CA)
Party: Independent Republican
Years: 1875-1877
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David Davis (IL)
Party: Independent
Years: 1877-1883
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William Mahone (VA)
Party: Readjuster
Years: 1881-1885
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Harrison H. Riddleberger (VA)
Party: Readjuster
Years: 1883-1885
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William A. Peffer (KS)
Party: Populist
Years: 1891-1897
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James H. Kyle (SD)
Party: Populist
Years: 1891-1901
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William V. Allen (NE)
Party: Populist
Years: 1893-1901
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William M. Stewart (NV)
Party: Silver
Years: 1893-1901
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Marion Butler (NC)
Party: Populist
Years: 1895-1901
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John P. Jones (NV)
Party: Silver
Years: 1895-1901
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Frank J. Cannon (UT)
Party: Silver Republicans
Years: 1896-1899
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Lee Mantle (MT)
Party: Silver Republican
Years: 1896-1899
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Richard F. Pettigrew (SD)
Party: Silver Republican
Years: 1896-1901
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Henry M. Teller (CO)
Party: Silver Republican
Years: 1896-1901
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Henry Heitfeld (ID)
Party: Populist
Years: 1897-1901
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George Turner (WA)
Party: Silver Republican
Years: 1897-1901
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William A. Harris (KS)
Party: Populist
Years: 1897-1903
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Miles Poindexter (WA)
Party: Progressive
Years: 1913-1915
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Magnus Johnson (MN)
Party: Farmer-Labor
Years: 1923-1925
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Henrik Shipstead (MN)
Party: Farmer-Labor
Years: 1923-1941
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Elmer A. Benson (MN)
Party: Farmer-Labor
Years: 1935-1936
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Robert M. La Follette, Jr. (WI)
Party: Progressive
Years: 1935-1947
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Ernest Lundeen (MN)
Party: Farmer-Labor
Years: 1937-1940
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George W. Norris (NE)
Party: Independent
Years: 1937-1943
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Wayne L. Morse (OR)
Party: Independent
Years: 1953-1955
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J. Strom Thurmond (SC)
Party: Independent Democrat
Years: 1954-1956
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James L. Buckley (NY)
Party: Conservative
Years: 1971-1977
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Harry F. Byrd, Jr. (VA)
Party: Independent
Years: 1971-1983
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Bob Smith (NH)
Party: Independent
Years: 1999
Note: Smith announced his change from the Republican party on July 13, 1999. On November 1, 1999, he announced that he was changing back to Republican. He noted that, since his home town in New Hampshire had not yet changed his voter registration, he had technically never left the Republican party.
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James Jeffords (VT)
Party: Independent
Years: 2001-2007
Note: Jeffords announced his change on May 24, 2001, effective June 6, 2001, indicating that he would caucus with the Democratic party, thus changing control of the evenly divided Senate from the Republicans to the Democrats.
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Dean Barkley (MN)
Party: Independent
Years: 2002-2003
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Joseph I. Lieberman (CT)
Party: Independent Democrat
Years: 1989 - 2013
Note: Lieberman was elected as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate in 1988, and reelected in 1994 and 2000. In 2006, he lost the Democratic primary and chose to run as an Independent Democrat, winning the 2006 election under that party affiliation.
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Bernard Sanders (VT)
Party: Independent
Years: 2007--
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Angus S. King, Jr. (ME)
Party: Independent
Years: 2013--
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Total: 77 individuals (Three senators, John P. Hale, Anthony Kennedy, and Waitman T. Willey, each represented two third parties at different times.)
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Key to Party Abbreviations
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